Gold rushes in Victoria and New South Wales lead to large population increases with people coming from many countries, particularly China. Migrants from many parts

Chinese, Italian and Greek migration begins. German missionaries arrive in South Australia.

New South Wales native police troopers are brought to Queensland to kill Aboriginal people and open up the land for settlement.. Political upheaval in Europe

Pacific Islanders are brought to New South Wales to work mainly as shepherds.

Spanish Benedictines found New Norcia Mission in Western Australia.

‘Anti-Coolie’ petition is organised, protesting against the proposal by business to introduce labourers (‘coolies’) from India. Assisted migration is reintroduced. 73 Chartists arrive in Hobart,

Massacre of Aboriginal people occurs at Rufus River with 30 dead. Caroline Chisholm founds Female Immigrants’ Home in Sydney.

Chinese, Italian and Greek migration begins. German missionaries arrive in South Australia. Massacre of Aboriginal people occurs at Long Lagoon where the entire community is

Canadian exiles are transported to New South Wales and Van Dieman’s Land (Tasmania) for their part in rebellions of 1837 – 1838. First full-time ethnic

Myall Creek massacre in New South Wales – near Inverell, 28 Aboriginal people are killed by settlers, 7 of whom are later hanged. It is

In London, a Parliamentary Select Committee examines the treatment of Indigenous peoples in all British colonies and reports that genocide is occurring in the Antipodes.

British migrants arrive to settle in other mainland locations, including Kangaroo Island, South Australia. German refugee settlers make up 10% of South Australian colony’s population

Colonies are established based on British law and practices. No treaties are made with the original owners of the land. Aboriginal people in Tasmania are

Demand for labour cannot be met through convict system so assisted migration begins with ‘Emigration Commissioners’ appointed in England. Indentured labourers from Asia, mainly Chinese

Conflict between European settlers and Aboriginal people escalates. Over 100 Aboriginal people are killed in massacre at Bathurst, New South Wales and martial law is