Gold rushes in Victoria and New South Wales lead to large population increases with people coming from many countries, particularly China. Migrants from many parts of Europe and Asia also begin to arrive as labourers. There is large scale Irish
Chinese, Italian and Greek migration begins. German missionaries arrive in South Australia.
New South Wales native police troopers are brought to Queensland to kill Aboriginal people and open up the land for settlement.. Political upheaval in Europe leads to refugees coming to Australia, including some from Germany and Hungary. Poor Law commissioners
Pacific Islanders are brought to New South Wales to work mainly as shepherds.
‘Anti-Coolie’ petition is organised, protesting against the proposal by business to introduce labourers (‘coolies’) from India. Assisted migration is reintroduced. 73 Chartists arrive in Hobart, transported for their part in ‘Plug Plot’ riots.
Massacre of Aboriginal people occurs at Rufus River with 30 dead. Caroline Chisholm founds Female Immigrants’ Home in Sydney.
Chinese, Italian and Greek migration begins. German missionaries arrive in South Australia. Massacre of Aboriginal people occurs at Long Lagoon where the entire community is killed. Transportation of convicts to New South Wales ends. The last convict transport, The Eden,
Canadian exiles are transported to New South Wales and Van Dieman’s Land (Tasmania) for their part in rebellions of 1837 – 1838. First full-time ethnic schools in Australia are established by German settlers in South Australia.
Myall Creek massacre in New South Wales – near Inverell, 28 Aboriginal people are killed by settlers, 7 of whom are later hanged. It is the first massacre of Aboriginal people in Australian history where the offenders are punished by